IMPORTANT: Read the Prep & Injection Guide for proper reconstitution, syringe sizing, and injection protocols. Mistakes here can compromise your research.
Originally developed as a medication to treat Type-2 diabetes, GLP1-S has been adopted as an effective tool to combat obesity in recent years. It is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, which mimics the GLP-1 hormone. GLP-1 is a gut hormone released in response to eating; in higher amounts, it interacts with the brain to suppress appetite and create a lasting feeling of fullness. In clinical trials, after 68 weeks, half of participants lost 15–17% of their initial body weight, and roughly a third lost 20% with improved diet and exercise. Many individuals regained weight after stopping the medication, which highlights the importance of a long-term strategy.
— 5 mg Vial —
Reconstitute: Mix 5 mg with 1.0 mL (100 units) of bacteriostatic water → 5 mg/mL concentration.
Administration: Subcutaneous injection.
Timing: Dose once weekly, on the same day each week. If prone to side effects, take the dose before bedtime.
Storage: Lyophilized: freeze at −20 °C; reconstituted: refrigerate at 2–8 °C, avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Schedule: One dose every 7 days. Remain on each dose for a minimum of 4 weeks before increasing.
Goal: Appetite suppression, improved glycemic control, and sustained weight reduction.
| Syringe (U-100) | Dose |
|---|---|
| 5 units (0.05 mL) | 0.25 mg |
| 10 units (0.10 mL) | 0.5 mg |
| 15 units (0.15 mL) | 0.75 mg |
| 20 units (0.20 mL) | 1 mg |
| 25 units (0.25 mL) | 1.25 mg |
| 30 units (0.30 mL) | 1.5 mg |
| 35 units (0.35 mL) | 1.75 mg |
| 40 units (0.40 mL) | 2 mg |
| 45 units (0.45 mL) | 2.25 mg |
| 50 units (0.50 mL) | 2.5 mg |
— 10 mg Vial —
Reconstitute: Mix 10 mg with 2.0 mL (200 units) of bacteriostatic water → 5 mg/mL concentration.
Administration: Subcutaneous injection.
Timing: Dose once weekly, on the same day each week.
Storage: Lyophilized: freeze at −20 °C; reconstituted: refrigerate at 2–8 °C, avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Schedule: One dose every 7 days. Remain on each dose for a minimum of 4 weeks before increasing.
Goal: Appetite suppression, improved glycemic control, and sustained weight reduction.
| Syringe (U-100) | Dose |
|---|---|
| 5 units (0.05 mL) | 0.25 mg |
| 10 units (0.10 mL) | 0.5 mg |
| 15 units (0.15 mL) | 0.75 mg |
| 20 units (0.20 mL) | 1 mg |
| 25 units (0.25 mL) | 1.25 mg |
| 30 units (0.30 mL) | 1.5 mg |
| 35 units (0.35 mL) | 1.75 mg |
| 40 units (0.40 mL) | 2 mg |
| 45 units (0.45 mL) | 2.25 mg |
| 50 units (0.50 mL) | 2.5 mg |
- Significant weight loss: after 68 weeks in clinical trials, half of participants lost ~17% of initial body weight; another third lost 20% with improved diet and exercise.
- Reduces risk of major cardiovascular events (death, heart attack, or stroke) in adults with heart disease.
- Potent anti-inflammatory effects.
- Helps reduce amyloid protein buildup in the brain (linked to Alzheimer’s disease).
- Shown potential in treating substance use disorders by reducing cravings.
- Improves blood sugar regulation.
- Lowers risk of COVID-19-related complications.
- Fewer outbreaks of hidradenitis suppurativa.
Of all GLP-1 medications, GLP1-S has one of the highest rates of side effects. These may include:
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Constipation
- Abdominal pain
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Dizziness
- Sulfur-smelling burps
- Gas and bloating
- Heartburn
- Runny nose
- Sore throat
Less common but more serious side effects:
- Thyroid tumors and/or cancer
- Inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis)
- Gallbladder disease
- Gastroparesis (stomach paralysis)
- Kidney failure
- Changes in vision (especially for diabetics)
- Depression or suicidal ideation
- Increased heart rate
- Hypoglycemia (especially if combined with insulin or sulfonylureas)
Do NOT take GLP1-S if:
- You are allergic or hypersensitive to any ingredients
- You are pregnant or breastfeeding
- You have thyroid disease
- You or your family has a history of medullary thyroid cancer
- You have Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome Type 2 (MEN 2)
- You have gallbladder disease or pancreatitis
Consult your physician before use if you have:
- Hypoglycemia
- Chronic eye disease
- Severe gastrointestinal disorders
- Pancreatic or kidney problems
- Type-2 diabetes with diabetic retinopathy
- Upcoming surgery or procedures using anesthesia
Common research pairings with GLP1-S include:
- AOD-9604 – Improves fat loss, supports body recomposition, and helps break plateaus during GLP1-S use
- L-Carnitine – Enhances energy and fat oxidation, especially helpful for users experiencing fatigue
- NAD+ – Supports mitochondrial repair and boosts metabolism and cellular energy
- BPC-157 / TB-500 – Reduce gut inflammation, promote healing, and improve systemic resilience under calorie restriction
- CJC No DAC / Ipamorelin – Preserves lean muscle and supports GH signaling, making weight loss safer and more sustainable
- Glutathione – Supports liver function, detox pathways, and systemic inflammation reduction
- Pancragen – May help reduce desensitization in long-term users
Citations for verification. Many studies are animal/in-vitro.
- Wilding JPH, et al. Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity (STEP 1 trial). N Engl J Med. 2021;384(11):989-1002. PMID: 33567185
- Marso SP, et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN-6). N Engl J Med. 2016;375(19):1834-1844. PMID: 27633186
- SELECT trial: semaglutide reduced major adverse cardiovascular events in adults with overweight/obesity and established cardiovascular disease without diabetes (N Engl J Med, 2023).
Research Use Only. All information on this page is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. PepSherpa does not sell peptides. Consult a licensed healthcare provider before making any health decisions. Many of the studies cited are preclinical (animal/in-vitro).
